Federal Income Tax Calculator
Estimate your 2025 federal income tax. Enter income and filing status to see the tax owed, your marginal bracket, and your true effective rate — usually far lower than the bracket.
Example: with Gross annual income $90,000 · Itemized deduction (if itemizing) $15,000 · Itemize instead of standard deduction on · I am 65 or older on → Federal income tax: $11,414.
- Effective tax rate12.7%
- Marginal bracket22%
- Taxable income$75,000
Computed by the calculator below using its default values. Change any input to see your own numbers.
Tax by bracket
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Learn moreMarginal vs effective rate
The U.S. uses progressive brackets: only the income inside each band is taxed at that band’s rate. So being “in the 22% bracket” doesn’t mean 22% of all your income — your effective rate (total tax ÷ total income) is almost always meaningfully lower. This estimate is federal only; payroll (FICA) and state taxes are separate.
How it’s calculated & sources
Taxable income = gross income (plus other income) − your deduction (standard amounts: $15,000 single, $30,000 joint, $22,500 head of household, $15,000 married filing separately, plus $1,600 more per box checked for age 65+ or blind) — unless you check “itemize,” in which case your itemized-deduction dollar amount is used instead. The 2025 federal brackets are applied band by band; the child tax credit ($2,000 per dependent) is subtracted after brackets, down to $0; effective rate = tax after credits ÷ gross income.
Source: IRS 2025 federal income-tax brackets and standard deductions. For state and take-home figures, see Take-Home Pay by State.
Results update as you type and are general estimates, not personalized financial or tax advice. Verify with a professional.
Frequently asked questions
Is this my total tax?
No — it’s federal income tax only. Social Security and Medicare (FICA, 7.65%) and any state income tax are on top.
Why is my effective rate so much lower than my bracket?
Because only the dollars inside each bracket are taxed at that rate, and your deduction shelters the first chunk entirely.
Standard or itemized?
Most people take the standard deduction; itemize only if your deductible expenses (mortgage interest, SALT, charity) exceed it.
How does the child tax credit work here?
Enter your number of qualifying children and we subtract $2,000 per child from your tax after brackets are applied, down to a floor of $0.
What counts as other income?
Interest, dividends, business income, and similar earnings beyond W-2 wages — add them to gross income and we tax the total the same way.