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401(k) Withdrawal Calculator

See what a 401(k) withdrawal really nets you after taxes and, if you’re under 59½, the 10% early-withdrawal penalty.

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The cost of cashing out early

A traditional 401(k) withdrawal is taxed as ordinary income, and if you’re under 59½ you usually owe an extra 10% penalty — so a large chunk disappears immediately, plus you lose all future tax-deferred growth on that money. Exceptions (disability, certain medical costs, a first home for IRAs) can waive the penalty. After 73, required minimum distributions (RMDs) begin.

How it’s calculated & sources

Tax = withdrawal × (marginal federal rate + state rate). Penalty = 10% of the withdrawal if under age 59½. You keep = withdrawal − tax − penalty.

Benchmark: the IRS 10% early-withdrawal penalty before age 59½ (with exceptions); RMDs required starting at age 73.

Results update as you type and are general estimates, not personalized advice. Verify with a professional.

Worked example

A $20,000 withdrawal at age 45 in the 22% bracket loses $4,400 in federal tax plus a $2,000 penalty — you keep about $13,600, or 68%.

Frequently asked questions

How much tax will I pay on a 401(k) withdrawal?

It’s taxed as ordinary income at your marginal rate, plus any state tax, plus a 10% penalty if you’re under 59½.

How do I avoid the 10% penalty?

Wait until 59½, or qualify for an exception (disability, certain medical or hardship rules, a 72(t) plan). A loan or rollover may be better than a withdrawal.

When are RMDs required?

Required minimum distributions from traditional 401(k)s and IRAs currently begin at age 73.